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Background   Baylisascaris devosi  is an intestinal nematode found in several carnivores including fisher, wolverine, Beech marten, American marten and sable in different parts of the world, but this nematode has not been reported from Pine marten. Therefore, this study aimed to identify  Baylisascaris  isolated from a Pine marten in Iran using morphological and molecular approaches.    Methods  Specimens of  B. devosi  were collected from one road-killed Pine marten in northern Iran. Morphological features were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and ion sectioning. The molecular characterization was carried out using partial  Cox1 , LSU rDNA and ITS-rDNA genes.    Results  The nematodes isolated from the Pine marten were confirmed to be  B. devosi  based on the morphological features and the sequence of ribosomal and mitochondrial loci. X-ray scans (EDAX) were completed on gallium cut structures (papillae, eggs, male spike and mouth denticles) of  B. devosi  using a dual-beam scanning electron microscope. The male spike and mouth denticles had a high level of hardening elements (Ca, P, S), helping to explain the chemical nature and morphology of the worm. Based on these genetic marker analyses, our sequence had the greatest similarity with Russian  B. devosi  isolated from sable.    Conclusions  In this study, to our knowledge, the occurrence of  B. devosi  infection in Pine marten is reported for the first time. Molecular analysis showed that these three genes are suitable molecular markers for identification and inferring phylogenetic relationships of  Baylisascaris  species. Furthermore, the high divergence of  Cox1  between  Baylisascaris  species indicates that  Cox1  could be used for their phylogenetic and taxonomic studies.

parasites and vectors

The morphological and molecular characterization of Baylisascaris devosi Sprent, 1952 (Ascaridoidea, Nematoda), collected from Pine marten (Martes martes) in Iran