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Background  The two most abundant sand fly species on the Honduran Pacific coast are  Lutzomyia  ( Lutzomyia )  longipalpis  and  Pintomyia  ( Pifanomyia )  evansi . Both species are known vectors of  Leishmania  ( Leishmania )  infantum , the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas. Although VL and non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) are endemic on the Pacific versant of the Central American Pacific, the latter is the most frequent manifestation of leishmaniasis there. We evaluated the circulation of  Leishmania  spp. in the sand fly species on El Tigre Island, an endemic area of NUCL.    Results  We collected 222 specimens of six sand fly species.  Lu. longipalpis  (180 specimens; 81%) and  Pif.  ( Pi .)  evansi  (35 specimens; 16%) were the most abundant species.  L . ( L .)  infantum  DNA was detected in nine of the 96 specimens analyzed; seven of these specimens were identified as  Lu. longipalpis,  and the remaining two were  Pi.   evansi , with an infection rate of 9.4% and 2.7%, respectively.    Conclusion  We present the first record of  L.  ( L. )  infantum  DNA in  Pi.   evansi  from a NUCL endemic region of Central America. Our results suggest that  Pi. evansi  could be a secondary vector of  L . ( L .)  infantum  in the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis .  The detection of natural infections of  L.  ( L .)  infantum  in sand flies in this region contributes to an understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Honduras.

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in Pintomyia evansi and Lutzomyia longipalpis in Honduras