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Background  Several members of genus  Babesia  are important pathogens causing babesiosis in dogs. In China, at least five  Babesia  species have been described in dogs or ticks. This study sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of various  Babesia  spp. in dogs in cities in Shaanxi Province in China, including Xi’an and Hanzhong.    Methods  A total of 371 blood samples were collected from pet dogs presenting to veterinary clinics in the cities of Xi’an and Hanzhong in Shaanxi, China.  Babesia  spp. DNA was detected  via  amplification of partial  18S  rRNA genes by semi-nested PCR. Almost full-length  18S  rRNA, ITS, partial  TRAP  and complete  cytb  genes were recovered for analysis of the genetic characteristics and relationships with known isolates.    Results  A single species,  Babesia gibsoni , was identified in dogs in Xi’an and Hanzhong. Consistently,  B. gibsoni  was also detected in 14 ticks collected from positive dogs. Sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the isolates identified herein showed a closer genetic relationship with isolates from East Asian countries rather than India, Bangladesh, or the USA. Sequence analysis based on tandem repeat analysis of the  TRAP  gene further revealed that specific haplotypes were circulating in both Xi’an and Hanzhong, with no specific regionality. In addition, 10.9% of all isolates with atovaquone (ATV)-resistance were identified because of M121I mutation in the deduced cytb protein.    Conclusions  This study revealed a high prevalence rate of  Babesia  infection.  Babesia gibsoni  was the only  Babesia  species identified in cases of canine babesiosis in the cities of Xi’an and Hanzhong cities in Shaanxi, China. In addition, the  TRAP  gene presented high genetic diversity across isolates. Such information is useful for elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of canine babesiosis, as well as the overall genetic diversity of  Babesia  spp. circulating in dog populations in Shaanxi Province.

Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in Shaanxi Province, China