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Background  Mozambique, same as many other tropical countries, is at high risk of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) diseases and recently two dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks occurred in the northern part of the country. The occurrence of some important vector species, such as  Aedes  ( Stegomyia )  aegypti  (Linnaeus) and  Ae.  ( Stg. )  albopictus  (Skuse), besides several other sylvatic vectors, have been reported in the country, which may indicate that the transmission of some arboviruses of public health importance may involve multiple-vector systems. Therefore, knowing the occurrence and distribution of existing and the new important vectors species, is crucial for devising systematic transmission surveillance and vector control approaches. The aim of this study was to map the occurrence and distribution of mosquito species with potential for transmitting arboviruses of human and veterinary relevance in Niassa Province, Northern Mozambique.    Methods  Field entomological surveys were undertaken in April 2016 in Lago District, Niassa Province, northern Mozambique. Breeding sites of mosquitoes were inspected and immature stages were collected and reared into adult. Mosquitoes in the adult stages were morphologically identified using taxonomic keys. Morphological identification of  Aedes  ( Stegomyia )  luteocephalus  (Newstead) were later confirmed using dissected male genitalia and molecular based on the phylogenetic analyses of the sequenced barcode ( cox 1 mtDNA) gene.    Results  A total of 92 mosquito larvae collected developed into adults. Of these, 16 (17.39%) were morphologically identified as  Ae. luteocephalus . The remaining specimens belonged to  Ae.  ( Stg. )  aegypti  ( n  = 4, 4.35%),  Ae.  ( Aedimorphus )  vittatus  ( n  = 24, 26.09%),  Anopheles garnhami  ( n  = 1, 1.09%),  Culex  ( Culiciomyia )  nebulosus  ( n  = 28, 30.43%),  Eretmapodites subsimplicipes  ( n  = 18, 19.57%) and  Toxorhynchites brevipalpis  ( n  = 1, 1.09%), taxa already known to the country. Male genitalia and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the identity of  Ae. luteocephalus  specimens collected in this study.    Conclusions  To our knowledge, this is the first detection of  Ae. luteocephalus  in Mozambican territory, a vector species of yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) in Africa. Further studies are encouraged to investigate the role of  Ae. luteocephalus  in the transmission of arboviral diseases in Mozambique.

First confirmed occurrence of the yellow fever virus and dengue virus vector Aedes (Stegomyia) luteocephalus (Newstead, 1907) in Mozambique