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Background  Clonorchiasis is endemic in East and Southeast Asian countries. For a preventive strategy against infectious diseases, vaccination is the most effective. Here, we evaluated the molecular characteristics and immune responses of CsAg17 protein from  Clonorchis sinensis , and investigated its protective effects against  C. sinensis  challenge.    Methods  A cDNA clone encoding CsAg17 protein and containing a secretory signal peptide at the N-terminus was retrieved from the  C. sinensis  transcriptome bank. Recombinant CsAg17 B-cell epitope protein and cDNA vaccines were produced and their immune responses were evaluated in FVB mice. The proportional changes of CD3 + /CD4 +  and CD3 + /CD8 +  T cells were detected by flow cytometry, and immune effectors were measured by ELISA.    Results  The  CsAg17  mRNA was transcribed at a higher level in  C. sinensis  adults than in metacercariae. The CsAg17 protein was distributed in the sperms, oral and ventral suckers, and mesenchymal tissues of  C. sinensis  adults. In mice challenged with  C. sinensis  metacercariae, vaccination with CsAg17 protein and cDNA resulted in a reduction to 64% and 69% in worm burden, respectively. Both CsAg17 protein and cDNA vaccines increased the proportion of CD3 + /CD4 +  and CD3 + /CD8 +  T cells and stimulated the production of Th1 type cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and interferon-γ, while maintaining minimum levels of Th2 cytokines. The levels of IgG specific to CsAg17 protein steeply increased in the two vaccinated groups from 2 weeks after immunization. The liver tissue retained good morphology in the mice vaccinated with CsAg17 protein or cDNA, whereas severe inflammation and large serous cysts were observed in the liver of the unvaccinated mice.    Conclusions  Vaccination with CsAg17 protein and cDNA reduced the pathological changes in the bile duct and liver, and ameliorated the worm burden  via  cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, they may serve as good vaccine candidates against  C. sinensis  infections.

Clonorchis sinensis secretory protein CsAg17 vaccine induces immune protection