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Background  Host genetic diversity can affect various aspects of host-parasite interactions, including individual-level effects on parasite infectivity, production of transmission stages and virulence, as well as population-level effects that reduce disease spread and prevalence, and buffer against widespread epidemics. However, a key aspect of this diversity, the genetic variation in host susceptibility, has often been neglected in interpreting empirical data and in theoretical studies.  Daphnia similis  naturally coexists with its competitor  Daphnia magna  and is more resistant to the endoparasitic microsporidium  Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis , as suggested by a previous survey of waterbodies, which detected this parasite in  D. magna , but not in  D. similis . However, under laboratory conditions  D. similis  was sometimes found to be susceptible. We therefore asked if there is genetic variation for disease trait expression, and if the genetic variation in disease traits in  D. similis  is different from that of  D. magna .    Methods  We exposed ten clones of  D. similis  and ten clones of  D. magna  to three isolates of  H. tvaerminnensis , and measured infection rates, parasite-induced host mortality and parasite spore production.    Results  The two  Daphnia  species differ in the range and variation of their susceptibilities. The parasite produced on average two-fold more spores when growing in  D. magna  clones than in  D. similis  clones.    Conclusions  We confirm that  D. similis  is indeed much more resistant than  D. magna  and suggest that this could create a dilution effect in habitats where both species coexist.

Genetic resistance and specificity in sister taxa of Daphnia: insights from the range of host susceptibilities