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Background   Aedes aegypti  and  Aedes albopictus  are two globally invasive vectors with similar ecological niches. Encounters between them can result in either competitive exclusion or stable co-existence, but it is unclear what drives these variable outcomes. Larval competition in favor of  Ae. albopictus  is a main hypothesis for the competitive exclusion of  Ae. aegypti  observed in some regions. However, the role of oviposition preference in determining the degree of competitive larval interactions in the field is not well understood. In this study, we used a combination of mark-release-recapture methods with ovitraps in the open-field and a semi-field cage to test whether gravid  Ae. albopictus  seek oviposition sites in response to the presence, species, and density of either conspecific or heterospecific  Ae. aegypti  larvae in the aquatic habitat. We conducted our study in Medellín, Colombia, where  Ae. aegypti  is a long-term resident and  Ae. albopictus  is a recent invader.    Results  In the open-field and semi-field cage experiments, gravid  Ae. albopictus  showed strong preference for ovitraps with larvae over those without. They consistently preferred ovitraps with higher density of conspecific ( Ae. albopictus ) larvae and low density of heterospecific ( Ae. aegypti ) larvae over traps with no larvae or high density of heterospecific ( Ae. aegypti ) larvae. In the semi-field cage experiment, traps with low density of  Ae. albopictus  were not preferred more or less than any other trap, but in the open-field experiment they were preferred over traps without larvae.    Conclusions  We demonstrate, through open-field and semi-field cage experiments, that  Ae. albopictus  are more attracted to oviposition sites with larvae and that the combination of species and density of larvae influence attraction. This demonstrated preference could increase interspecific larval competition as  Ae. albopictus  actively seek containers with conspecific and heterospecific larvae. Any resulting competition with  Ae. aegypti  may favor one species over the other and alter the distribution or abundance of both. Because these species vary in vectorial capacity and insecticide resistance, effects of interspecific competition could ultimately impact arbovirus transmission rates and the success of vector control efforts  .

Oviposition site attraction of Aedes albopictus to sites with conspecific and heterospecific larvae during an ongoing invasion in Medellín, Colombia