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Background  Schistosomiasis is a harmful neglected tropical disease caused by infection with  Schistosoma  spp., such as  Schistosoma mansoni .  Schistosoma  must transition within a molluscan host to survive. Chemical analyses of schistosome-molluscan interactions indicate that host identification involves chemosensation, including naïve host preference. Proteomic technique advances enable sophisticated comparative analyses between infected and naïve snail host proteins. This study aimed to compare resistant, susceptible and naïve  Biomphalaria glabrata  snail-conditioned water (SCW) to identify potential attractants and deterrents.    Methods  Behavioural bioassays were performed on  S. mansoni  miracidia to compare the effects of susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve  B. glabrata  SCW. The F1 resistant and susceptible  B. glabrata  SCW excretory–secretory proteins (ESPs) were fractionated using SDS-PAGE, identified with LC-MS/MS and compared to naïve snail ESPs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses based on published studies (including experiments, co-expression, text-mining and gene fusion) identified  S. mansoni  and  B. glabrata  protein interaction. Data are available  via  ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015129.    Results  A total of 291, 410 and 597 ESPs were detected in the susceptible, F1 resistant and naïve SCW, respectively. Less overlap in ESPs was identified between susceptible and naïve snails than F1 resistant and naïve snails. F1 resistant  B. glabrata  ESPs were predominately associated with anti-pathogen activity and detoxification, such as leukocyte elastase and peroxiredoxin. Susceptible  B. glabrata  several proteins correlated with immunity and anti-inflammation, such as glutathione S-transferase and zinc metalloproteinase, and  S. mansoni  sporocyst presence. PPI analyses found that uncharacterised  S. mansoni  protein Smp_142140.1 potentially interacts with numerous  B. glabrata  proteins.    Conclusions  This study identified ESPs released by F1 resistant, susceptible and naïve  B. glabrata  to explain  S. mansoni  miracidia interplay. Susceptible  B. glabrata  ESPs shed light on potential  S. mansoni  miracidia deterrents. Further targeted research on specific ESPs identified in this study could help inhibit  B. glabrata  and  S. mansoni  interactions and stop human schistosomiasis.

Comparative study of excretory–secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata