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Background  The common bed bug,  Cimex lectularius , is an obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasite that requires a blood meal to molt and produce eggs. Their frequent biting to obtain blood meals and intimate association with humans increase the potential for disease transmission. However, despite more than 100 years of inquiry into bed bugs as potential disease vectors, they still have not been conclusively linked to any pathogen or disease. This ecological niche is extraordinarily rare, given that nearly every other blood-feeding arthropod is associated with some type of human or zoonotic disease. Bed bugs rely on the bacteria  Wolbachia  as an obligate endosymbiont to biosynthesize B vitamins, since they acquire a nutritionally deficient diet, but it is unknown if  Wolbachia  confers additional benefits to its bed bug host. In some insects,  Wolbachia  induces resistance to viruses such as Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile, Drosophila C and Zika, and primes the insect immune system in other blood-feeding insects.  Wolbachia  might have evolved a similar role in its mutualistic association with the bed bug. In this study, we evaluated the influence of  Wolbachia  on virus replication within  C. lectularius .    Methods  We used feline calicivirus as a model pathogen. We fed 40 bed bugs from an established line of  Wolbachia -cured and a line of  Wolbachia -positive  C. lectularius  a virus-laden blood meal, and quantified the amount of virus over five time intervals post-feeding. The antibiotic rifampicin was used to cure bed bugs of  Wolbachia .    Results  There was a significant effect of time post-feeding, as the amount of virus declined by ~90% over 10 days in both groups, but no significant difference in virus titer was observed between the  Wolbachia -positive and  Wolbachia -cured groups.    Conclusions  These findings suggest that other mechanisms are involved in virus suppression within bed bugs, independent of the influence of  Wolbachia , and our conclusions underscore the need for future research.

Lack of influence by endosymbiont Wolbachia on virus titer in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius