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Background   Aedes aegypti  were found developing in the water in open public drains (drain-water, DW) in Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka, a location where the arboviral diseases dengue and chikungunya are endemic.    Methods  Susceptibilities to the common insecticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malathion, propoxur, permethrin and deltamethrin and activities of the insecticide-detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase (EST), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase (MO) were compared in adult  Ae. aegypti  developing in DW and fresh water (FW).    Results  DW  Ae. aegypti  were resistant to the pyrethroids deltamethrin and permethrin, while FW  Ae. aegypti  were susceptible to deltamethrin but possibly resistant to permethrin. Both DW and FW  Ae. aegypti  were resistant to DDT, malathion and propoxur. Greater pyrethroid resistance in DW  Ae. aegypti  was consistent with higher GST and MO activities.    Conclusions  The results demonstrate the potential for insecticide resistance developing in  Ae. aegypti  adapted to DW. Urbanization in arboviral disease-endemic countries is characterized by a proliferation of open water drains and therefore the findings identify a potential new challenge to global health.

parasites and vectors

Development of the major arboviral vector Aedes aegypti in urban drain-water and associated pyrethroid insecticide resistance is a potential global health challenge