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Background  Small ruminants are important hosts for various tick species and tick-associated organisms, many of which are zoonotic. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of tick-borne protozoans and bacteria of public health and veterinary significance in goats and wild Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China.    Methods  The occurrence of piroplasms,  Anaplasma phagocytophilum ,  A. bovis ,  A. marginale ,  A. capra ,  A. ovis ,  Ehrlichia  spp. and spotted fever group rickettsiae was molecularly investigated and analyzed in 134 goats and 9 free ranging  C. pygargus  living in close proximity.    Results  Piroplasm DNA was detected in 16 (11.9%) goats and 5  C. pygargus . Sequence analysis of  18S  rRNA sequences identified 3  Theileria  species ( T. luwenshuni ,  T. capreoli  and  T. cervi ). Four  Anaplasma  species ( A. ovis ,  A. phagocytophilum ,  A. bovis  and  A. capra ) were identified in goats and  C. pygargus .  Anaplasma ovis  and  A. bovis  were detected in 11 (8.2%) and 6 (4.5%) goats, respectively;  A. phagocytophilum ,  A. bovis  and  A. capra  were found in 3, 7 and 3  C. pygargus , respectively. Sequence analysis of  16S  rRNA sequences revealed the presence of 5 different genetic variants of  A. bovis  in goats and  C. pygargus , while the analysis of  16S  rRNA and  gltA  sequence data showed that  A. capra  isolates identified from  C. pygargus  were closely related to the genotype identified from sheep and  Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis , but differed with the genotype from humans.  Anaplasma / Theileria  mixed infection was observed in 2 (1.5%) goats and 5  C. pygargus , and co-existence involving potential zoonotic organisms ( A. phagocytophilum  and  A. capra ) was found in 2  C. pygargus . All samples were negative for  A. marginale ,  Ehrlichia  spp. and SFG rickettsiae.    Conclusions  These findings report the tick-borne pathogens in goats and  C. pygargus , and a greater diversity of these pathogens were observed in wild animals. Three  Theileria  ( T. luwenshuni ,  T. capreoli  and  T. cervi ) and four  Anaplasma  species ( A. ovis ,  A. phagocytophilum ,  A. bovis  and  A. capra ) with veterinary and medical significance were identified in small domestic and wild ruminants. The contact between wild and domestic animals may increase the potential risk of spread and transmission of tick-borne diseases.

parasites and vectors

Molecular detection and identification of tick-borne bacteria and protozoans in goats and wild Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China