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Background  The long-distance dispersal of the invasive disease vectors  Aedes aegypti  and  Aedes albopictus  has introduced arthropod-borne viruses into new geographical regions, causing a significant medical and economic burden. The used-tire industry is an effective means of  Aedes  dispersal, yet studies to determine  Aedes  occurrence and the factors influencing their distribution along local transport networks are lacking. To assess infestation along the primary transport network of Panama we documented all existing garages that trade used tires on the highway and surveyed a subset for  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus . We also assess the ability of a mass spectrometry approach to classify mosquito eggs by comparing our findings to those based on traditional larval surveillance.    Results  Both  Aedes  species had a high infestation rate in garages trading used tires along the highways, providing a conduit for rapid dispersal across Panama. However, generalized linear models revealed that the presence of  Ae. aegypti  is associated with an increase in road density by a log-odds of 0.44 (0.73 ± 0.16;  P  = 0.002), while the presence of  Ae. albopictus  is associated with a decrease in road density by a log-odds of 0.36 (0.09 ± 0.63;  P  = 0.008). Identification of mosquito eggs by mass spectrometry depicted similar occurrence patterns for both  Aedes  species as that obtained with traditional rearing methods.    Conclusions  Garages trading used tires along highways should be targeted for the surveillance and control of  Aedes -mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. The identification of mosquito eggs using mass spectrometry allows for the rapid evaluation of  Aedes  presence, affording time and cost advantages over traditional vector surveillance; this is of importance for disease risk assessment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3522-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

High infestation of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in used tires along the local transport network of Panama