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Background  RNA interference (RNAi), which has facilitated functional characterization of mosquito neural development genes such as the axon guidance regulator  semaphorin-1a (sema1a) , could one day be applied as a new means of vector control.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  (baker’s yeast) may represent an effective interfering RNA expression system that could be used directly for delivery of RNA pesticides to mosquito larvae. Here we describe characterization of a yeast larvicide developed through bioengineering of  S. cerevisiae  to express a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting a conserved site in mosquito  sema1a  genes.    Results  Experiments conducted on  Aedes aegypti  larvae demonstrated that the yeast larvicide effectively silences  sema1a  expression, generates severe neural defects, and induces high levels of larval mortality in laboratory, simulated-field, and semi-field experiments. The larvicide was also found to induce high levels of  Aedes albopictus ,  Anopheles gambiae  and  Culex quinquefasciatus  mortality.    Conclusions  The results of these studies indicate that use of yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting mosquito  sema1a  genes may represent a new biorational tool for mosquito control.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3504-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Characterization of a broad-based mosquito yeast interfering RNA larvicide with a conserved target site in mosquito semaphorin-1a genes