English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Vector control interventions using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are commonly practiced tools for the control of malaria in Ethiopia. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these control interventions, and understand the prevailing malaria vectors, their incrimination in disease transmission, and their resting and feeding behavior, we set out to identify the  Anopheles  species, their blood meal sources, and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) in Ghibe and Darge within the Ghibe River basin, southwestern Ethiopia.    Methods  Adult  Anopheles  mosquitoes were sampled both indoors and outdoors from January 2015 to October 2016 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, pyrethrum spray catch (PSC), artificial pit shelters and mouth aspirators. Mosquito species were morphologically identified, and their blood meal sources and malaria sporozoite rates were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.    Results  In total, 13 species of  Anopheles  mosquitoes were identified, among which  Anopheles gambiae  ( s.l. ) was the predominant species: 87.9 and 67.7% in Ghibe and Darge, respectively. The mean density of  An. gambiae  ( s.l. ) collected per night using CDC light traps was 1.8 and 0.7 outdoors and indoors, respectively, in Ghibe, and 0.125 and 0.07 indoors and outdoors, respectively, in Darge.  Anopheles  mosquito abundance was higher in houses near the river than in houses far from the river in both study sites. Among  Anopheles  mosquitoes sampled using CDC light trap catches, 67.6% were unfed and the indoor and outdoor human blood indices of  An. gambiae  ( s.l. ) were 58.4 and 15.8%, respectively in Ghibe, while in Darge, they were 57.1 and 50%, respectively. Sporozoite rates were 0.07% for  P. vivax  and 0.07% for  P. falciparum  in Ghibe and zero in Darge. In Ghibe, the overall EIRs for  P. falciparum  and  P. vivax  were zero and 8.4 infective bites/person/year, respectively, in 2015, while zero and 5.4 infective bites/person/year for  P .  vivax  and  P. falciparum , respectively, in 2016. No  Plasmodium- positive  Anopheles  mosquitoes were identified from Darge.    Conclusions   Anopheles gambiae  ( s.l. ), the principal vector of malaria in Ethiopia was the most abundant species both indoors and outdoors, fed both on human and cattle blood and occurred at higher frequencies near rivers.  Anopheles gambiae  ( s.l. ) that were circumsporozoite-positive for  Plasmodium  species were collected from Ghibe, but not Darge.

Species composition, blood meal hosts and Plasmodium infection rates of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ghibe River Basin, southwestern Ethiopia