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Background   Cryptosporidium  is an important zoonotic parasite that is commonly found in non-human primates (NHPs). Consequently, there is the potential for transmission of this pathogen from NHPs to humans. However, molecular characterization of the isolates of  Cryptosporidium  from NHPs remains relatively poor. The aim of the present work was to (i) determine the prevalence; and (ii) perform a genetic characterization of the  Cryptosporidium  isolated from captive  Macaca fascicularis  and  M. mulatta  on Hainan Island in southern China.    Methods  A total of 223 fresh fecal samples were collected from captive  M. fascicularis  ( n  = 193) and  M. mulatta  ( n  = 30). The fecal specimens were examined for the presence of  Cryptosporidium  spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the partial small subunit ( SSU ) rRNA gene. The  Cryptosporidium -positive specimens were subtyped by analyzing the 60-kDa glycoprotein ( gp60 ) gene sequence.    Results   Cryptosporidium  spp. were detected in 5.7% (11/193) of  M. fascicularis . All of the 11  Cryptosporidium  isolates were identified as  C. hominis . Subtyping of nine of these isolates identified four unique  gp60  subtypes of  C. hominis.  These included IaA20R3a ( n  = 1), IoA17a ( n  = 1), IoA17b ( n  = 1), and IiA17 ( n  = 6). Notably, subtypes IaA20R3a, IoA17a, and IoA17b were novel subtypes which have not been reported previously.    Conclusions  To our knowledge, this is the first reported detection of  Cryptosporidium  in captive  M. fascicularis  from Hainan Island. The molecular characteristics and subtypes of the isolates here provide novel insights into the genotypic variation in  C. hominis .

parasites and vectors

Molecular prevalence and subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from Hainan Island, southern China