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Background  Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signalling pathways, resulting in modulation of host immunity against pathogens. Here, we investigated whether PRR-mediated recognition is involved in host immune responses to the blood-feeding nematode  Haemonchus contortus .    Methods  During blood-feeding,  H. contortus  secretes immune-modulating antigens into host blood. Therefore, we stimulated sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with  H. contortus  soluble extract (HcAg) and performed transcriptional profiling.    Results  HcAg upregulated two genetically linked CLRs (CLEC2L and KLRG2), two NLRs attenuating inflammation (NLRP12 and NLRC3) and one G protein-coupled receptor with potent anti-inflammatory effects (HCAR2). Furthermore, several Th2-related transcription factors (ATF3, IRF4, BCL3 and NFATC) were also upregulated, which may confer anti-inflammatory type 2 immune responses to HcAg.    Conclusions  Together, our preliminary studies provide new insights into how the host innate immune system controls type 2 immunity to  H. contortus . Further work will be needed to identify  H. contortus  products recognized by the host innate immune system and determine the Th2 polarization ability of these putative PRR ligands.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3441-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts