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Background  Over 60 years ago clinical patterns resembling tick-borne rickettsioses have been described for the first time in Kazakhstan. Since 1995 the incidence of clinical cases of tick-borne rickettsioses in humans seems to be rising but studies on epidemiological data regarding the occurring etiological agents, tick vector species, prevalence and distribution throughout Kazakhstan are still scarce to date. The aim of the study was molecular investigation of ticks for spotted-fever group rickettsiae in the endemic Kyzylorda region and the so far considered as non-endemic Almaty region. A total of 2341 ticks was collected in the two regions in Kazakhstan and sorted in 501 pools:  Ixodes persulcatu s (243);  Dermacentor marginatus  (129);  Haemaphysalis punctata  (104);  Hyalomma asiaticum  (17);  Dermacentor reticulatus  (3); and  Rhipicephalus turanicus  (5). Pools were tested for  Rickettsia  spp. using real-time PCR. For positive samples multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed.    Results  The calculated minimum infection rate (MIR) for rickettsiae in the investigated ticks in Almaty region varied between 0.4–15.1% and 12.6–22.7% in the Kyzylorda region. At least four different  Rickettsia  species were identified in the two selected regions of Kazakhstan. Two of these are already known to science:  Rickettsia raoultii  and  R. slovaca , the latter being reported for the first time in Almaty region One new form, “ Candidatus  R. yenbekshikazakhensis”, was described by MLST of six gene fragments in Almaty region and one new genotype, “genotype R. talgarensis” was detected using three gene fragments.    Conclusions  Kazakh physicians should be aware of rickettsioses after tick bites in both regions studied. Both,  R. raoultii  and  R. slovaca  should be included in the diagnostics. The role for human diseases has further to be investigated for the newly described rickettsiae, “ Candidatus  R. yenbekshikazakhensis” and “Genotype R. talgarensis”.

Prevalence of Rickettsia species in ticks including identification of unknown species in two regions in Kazakhstan