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Background  Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite  Trypanosoma cruzi , and is transmitted by hematophagous insects of the family Reduviidae.  Psammolestes arthuri  is a sylvatic triatomine distributed in Colombia and Venezuela which feeds on birds and there are a few studies that have reported  Ps. arthuri  naturally infected with  T. cruzi . In Colombia,  Ps. arthuri  has been found in dwellings, making it important to evaluate its possible role in the  T. cruzi  transmission cycle. We aimed to evaluate the presence of  T. cruzi  and feeding sources of  Ps. arthuri  to elucidate new possible scenarios of  T. cruzi  transmission in the country.    Methods  A total of 60  Ps. arthuri  were collected in Arauca and Casanare, Colombia. We detected and genotyped  T. cruzi  and identified feeding sources. The frequency of the presence of  T. cruzi  was obtained and compared with different eco-epidemiological variables. Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to explore associations between eco-epidemiological variables and the presence of  T. cruzi ; with these results, a logistic regression was used to determine statistical associations.    Results  The infection rate of  T. cruzi  was 70.7% and was mostly associated with insect stage, sex, bird nest and feeding source. Regarding discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI was found in 54.7% samples, of which 21.7% (5/23) were TcI Dom , 52.1% (12/23) had mixed infection (TcI Dom -TcI Sylv ), and single infection with TcI Sylv  was not detected. Mixed infections (TcI/TcII-TcVI) were found in 9.52% (4/42) of the samples; of these, 14.2% (6/42) were TcII-TcVI. A total of 15 feeding sources were identified and the most frequent were:  Cranioleuca baroni  (35.85%),  Homo sapiens  (26.42%),  Thraupis episcopus  (11.32%) and  Serinus albogularis  (3.77%).    Conclusions  Although  Ps. arthuri  is mainly ornithophilic, this species may be feeding on other animals that can be infected with  T. cruzi , possibly playing a role maintaining the zoonotic cycle of the parasite. Further studies with molecular techniques and wider sampling are needed to improve information regarding infection rates, ecotopes and habits with the aim of evaluating whether  Ps. arthuri  could be a potential  T. cruzi  vector.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3422-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Trypanosoma cruzi infection, discrete typing units and feeding sources among Psammolestes arthuri (Reduviidae: Triatominae) collected in eastern Colombia