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Background  The food-borne liver fluke  Opisthorchis felineus  is an epidemiologically important species and the causative agent of opisthorchiasis across an extensive territory of Eurasia. For decades, treatment of opisthorchiasis has been based on praziquantel. Tribendimidine could be an alternative drug that has been successfully tested for  Opisthorchis viverrini  and  Clonorchis sinensis  infections. We aimed to assess tribendimidine effects in comparison with praziquantel  in vivo  and  in vitro  against the liver fluke  Opisthorchis felineus .    Results  In this study we (i) calculated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) by motility tests against  O. felineus  adults and newly excysted metacercarie after tribendimidine treatment  in vitro ; (ii) determined whether tribendimidine and PZQ effects on adult liver flukes are dependent on or mediated by white blood cells; and (iii) tested  in vivo  the anthelmintic activity of tribendimidine on juvenile and adult worms. We found that the efficiency of tribendimidine  in vitro  was similar (IC 50  = 0.23 μM for newly excysted metacercariae and 0.19 μM for adult worms) to that of praziquantel (IC 50  0.98 μM for newly excysted metacercariae and 0.47 μM for adult worms). The treatment of adult worms  in vivo  with praziquantel or tribendimidine at 400 mg/kg resulted in a 76% and 77.2% reduction, respectively, in the worm burden during chronic infection.    Conclusions  The differences between WBR values after PZQ and TBN treatment were not significant, thus tribendimidine was as effective as praziquantel against  O. felineus  liver flukes. Given the broad-spectrum activity of tribendimidine and efficacy against  O. felineus , this drug may be a promising candidate for the treatment of opisthorchiasis felinea and other liver fluke infections.

A study of tribendimidine effects in vitro and in vivo on the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus