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Background   Trichinella spiralis  serine protease inhibitor (TsSPI) was identified in ES proteins of adult worms (AW), the TsSPI gene was highly expressed at enteral stage worms (AW and newborn larvae), distributed mainly in the cuticle and stichosome of this nematode. Vaccination of mice with rTsSPI exhibited a 62.2% reduction of intestinal AW and a 57.25% reduction of muscle larvae after larval challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics of TsSPI and its roles in the process of  T. spiralis  invasion of host’s intestinal epithelium cells (IECs).    Methods  The rTsSPI inhibition on trypsin enzymatic activity was detected by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometry. The binding of rTsSPI with intestinal epithelium from normal mice and the primary cultured mouse intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) was examined by indirect immunofluorescent (IIF), the cellular localization of rTsSPI binding to IECs was observed by confocal microscopy. The inhibition of anti-rTsSPI serum on  T. spiralis  invasion of IECs was determined by an  in vitro  invasion assay. Anti-rTsSPI antibody cytotoxicity on the newborn larvae (NBL) was also determined.    Results  The rTsSPI had the inhibitory activity against porcine trypsin. The rTsSPI specifically bound to the intestinal epithelium from normal mice and primary cultured mouse IECs, and the binding sites were located in IEC membrane and cytoplasm. Anti-rTsSPI antibodies depressed the larval invasion of IECs with a dose-dependent mode. Anti-rTsSPI antibodies also participated in the destruction of  T. spiralis  NBL  via  an ADCC-mediated manner.    Conclusions  TsSPI might participate in the  T. spiralis  larval invasion of IECs and it is likely the potential vaccine target against  T. spiralis  enteral stages.

parasites and vectors

Characterization of a serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in larval invasion of host’s intestinal epithelial cells