English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  Intestinal protozoan parasites are major contributors to the global burden of gastrointestinal disease causing significant socioeconomic consequences. Children living in resource-poor settings with restricted access to water and sanitary services are particularly at risk of these infections.    Methods  A prospective, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Paraná (southern Brazil) between May 2015 and May 2016. A total of 766 stool samples were individually collected from volunteers (male/female ratio: 0.99; age range: 0–76 years) and used for investigating the presence of intestinal helminth and protozoan species by routine microscopic procedures including the Kato-Katz and modified Ritchie concentration methods and the Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed microscopy-positive samples for  Giardia duodenalis  and the assemblages and sub-assemblages determined by multilocus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase ( gdh ) and β-giardin ( bg ) genes of the parasite. Identification of  Blastocystis  subtypes was carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene ( SSU  rDNA) of this heterokont microorganism.    Results  Overall, 46.1% (353/766) of the participants were infected/colonised by at least one intestinal parasite/commensal species. Protozoan and helminth species were detected in 42.7% and 10.1% of the surveyed population, respectively.  Blastocystis  sp. (28.2%),  Endolimax nana  (14.9%), and  Giardia duodenalis  (11.0%) were the most prevalent species found among protozoans and  Ascaris lumbricoides  (5.0%),  Trichuris trichiura  (4.6%) and hookworms (1.0%) among helminths. A total of 38  G. duodenalis -positive samples were genotyped at  gdh  and  bg  markers, revealing the presence of the sub-assemblages AII (47.4%), AII/AIII (2.6%), BIII (5.3%), BIV (26.3%) and BIII/BIV (13.1%). Two samples (5.3%) were only identified as assemblage B. AII was predominantly found in females aged 5–9 years and was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 102  Blastocystis -positive samples were successfully subtyped at the  SSU  rRNA gene revealing the presence of ST1 (36.3%), ST2 (15.7%), ST3 (41.2%), ST4 (2.9%), ST6 (1.0%) and ST8 (2.9%).    Conclusions  Data presented here indicate that enteric parasites still represent a pressing health concern in Paraná, Brazil, probably due to sub-optimal water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. A mostly anthroponotic origin is suspected for  G. duodenalis  and  Blastocystis  sp. infections.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey