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Background   Uranotaenia unguiculata  Edwards, 1913 is a species of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) native to central Europe. Recently a novel lineage of the West Nile virus (WNV-lineage 4c) was identified in pools of adult female  Ur. unguiculata . To increase the body of knowledge about this species, various trapping methods were evaluated to determine the most efficient method for capturing adult female  Ur. unguiculata .    Results  Sound traps collected equivalent numbers of female  Ur. unguiculata  as low-hanging light-baited downdraft traps. Hosts were identified as  Pelophylax lessonae  and  P. ridibunda  (Anura: Ranidae) species group frogs from the blood found in engorged females. In addition to confirming infection by WNV-lin. 4c, a potentially integrated flavivirus sequence was detected in male mosquitoes. A novel  Alphamesonivirus 1  ( Nidovirales :  Mesoniviridae ) was found to be widespread in the  Ur. unguiculata  population and is herein described.    Conclusions  Efficient collection methods for  Ur. unguiculata  for arbovirus surveillance reflect mosquito questing behavior.  Uranotaenia unguiculata  targets frog species which call from the water, and it is likely that the novel WNV-lin. 4c is maintained in a frog-mosquito transmission cycle. The improved trapping methods listed here will assist future studies of the vector status of  Ur. unguiculata  for WNV and other arboviruses.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3030-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913 are attracted to sound, feed on amphibians, and are infected with multiple viruses