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Background  Larval indices such as Premise Index (PI), Breteau Index (BI) and Container Index (CI) are widely used to interpret the density of dengue vectors in surveillance programmes. These indices may be useful for forecasting disease outbreaks in an area. However, use of the values of these indices as alarm signals is rarely considered in control programmes. Therefore, the current study aims to propose threshold values for vector indices based on an empirical modeling approach for the Kandy District of Sri Lanka.    Methods  Monthly vector indices,  viz  PI, BI and CI, for  Aedes aegypti  and  Aedes albopictus , of four selected dengue high risk Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in the Kandy District from January 2010 to August 2017, were used in the study. Gumbel frequency analysis was used to calculate the exceedance probability of quantitative values for each individual larval index within the relevant MOH area, individually and to set up the threshold values for the entomological management of dengue vectors.    Results  Among the study MOH areas, Akurana indicated a relatively high density of both  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus , while Gangawata Korale MOH area had the lowest. Based on  Ae. aegypti , threshold values were defined for Kandy as low risk (BI agp  > 1.77), risk (BI agp  > 3.23), moderate risk (BI agp  > 4.47) and high risk (BI agp  > 6.23). In addition, PI > 6.75 was defined as low risk, while PI > 9.43 and PI>12.82 were defined as moderate and high risk, respectively as an average.    Conclusions  Threshold values recommended for  Ae. aegypti  (primary vector for dengue) along with cut-off values for PI (for  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus ), could be suggested as indicators for decision making in vector control efforts. This may also facilitate the rational use of financial allocations, technical and human resources for vector control approaches in Sri Lanka in a fruitful manner.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2961-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Empirical optimization of risk thresholds for dengue: an approach towards entomological management of Aedes mosquitoes based on larval indices in the Kandy District of Sri Lanka