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Human arboviral diseases transmitted by  Aedes aegypti  such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever remain global public health threats to date. Of these diseases, dengue fever is particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia. Relentless vector control efforts are performed to curtail disease transmissions through which pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used as the first line of defense to control  Ae. aegypti , especially in the course of disease outbreaks. Here, we compile the largest contemporary database for susceptibility profiles and underlying mechanisms involved in  Ae. aegypti  resistant to pyrethroids in Southeast Asia. The extensive use of pyrethroids inevitably elicit different levels of resistance to numerous populations despite the presence of geographical isolation. The most common mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance that have been identified in  Ae. aegypti  includes mutations in the voltage sensitive sodium channel gene ( Vssc  gene) and metabolic-mediated insecticide resistance.  Aedes aegypti  develops resistance to pyrethroids by acquisition of one or several amino acid substitution(s) in this  Vssc  gene. Enzymes involved in metabolic-mediated detoxification (i.e. monooxygenases, glutathione-S-transferases and esterases) have been reported to be related to pyrethroid resistance but many specific contributory enzymes are not completely studied. An inadequate amount of data from some countries indicates an urgent need for further study to fill the knowledge gaps. Perspectives and future research needs are also discussed.

Pyrethroid resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Southeast Asia: present situation and prospects for management