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Background   Aedes vittatus  is currently found in Africa, Asia and Europe, where it acts as a vector of pathogens causing animal and human diseases (e.g. chikungunya, Zika and dengue). Like other  Aedes  species,  Ae. vittatus  is able to breed in artificial containers. The ECDC has recently highlighted the need for molecular tools (i.e. barcoding characterization) that enable  Aedes  species to be identified in entomological surveys.    Results  We sampled mosquito larvae and adults in southern Spain and used a molecular approach to amplify and sequence a fragment of the cytochrome  c  oxidase subunit 1 gene (barcoding region) of the mosquitoes. The blast comparison of the mosquito sequences isolated from Spain with those deposited in public databases provided a ≥ 99% similarity with sequences for two  Aedes  mosquitoes,  Ae. vittatus  and  Ae. cogilli , while similarities with other  Aedes  species were ≤ 94%.  Aedes cogilli  is only present in India and there are no records of this species from Europe.    Conclusions  Due to the low genetic differences between  Ae. vittatus  and  Ae. cogilli , the barcoding region should not be used as the only method for identifying  Ae. vittatus , especially in areas where both of these  Aedes  species are present. This type of analysis should thus be combined with morphological identification using available keys and/or the characterization of other molecular markers. In addition, further entomological surveys should be conducted in order to identify the fine-scale distribution of this mosquito species in Europe.

Aedes vittatus in Spain: current distribution, barcoding characterization and potential role as a vector of human diseases