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Background  Domestic cats play a key role in the epidemiology of the parasite  Toxoplasma gondii  by excreting environmentally-resistant oocysts that may infect humans and other warm-blooded animals. The dynamics of  Toxoplasma gondii  seroconversion, used as a proxy for primo-infection dynamics, was investigated in five cat populations living on farms.    Methods  Serological tests on blood samples from cats were performed every three months over a period of two years, for a total of 400 serological tests performed on 130 cats. Variations in seroconversion rates and associated factors were investigated using a multi-event capture-recapture modelling approach that explicitly accounted for uncertainties in cat age and serological status.    Results  Seroprevalence varied between farms, from 15 to 73%, suggesting differential exposure of cats to  T. gondii . In farms with high exposure, cats could become infected before reaching the age of six months. Seroconversion rates varied from 0.42 to 0.96 seroconversions per cat per year and were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer.    Conclusion  Our results suggest inter-farm and seasonal variations in the risks of exposure to  T. gondii  oocysts for humans and livestock living on farms. The paper also discusses the role of young cats in the maintenance of environmental contamination by  T. gondii  oocysts on farms.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2834-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A multi-event capture-recapture analysis of Toxoplasma gondii seroconversion dynamics in farm cats