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Background   Eimeria maxima  initiates infection by invading the jejunal epithelial cells of chicken. However, the proteins involved in invasion remain unknown. The research of the molecules that participate in the interactions between  E. maxima  sporozoites and host target cells will fill a gap in our understanding of the invasion system of this parasitic pathogen.    Methods  In the present study, chicken jejunal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured  in vitro . Western blot was employed to analyze the soluble proteins of  E. maxima  sporozoites that bound to chicken jejunal epithelial cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay was used to separate the  E. maxima  proteins that bound to chicken jejunal epithelial cells. Shotgun LC-MS/MS technique was used for proteomics identification and Gene Ontology was employed for the bioinformatics analysis.    Results  The results of Western blot analysis showed that four proteins bands from jejunal epithelial cells co-cultured with soluble proteins of  E. maxima  sporozoites were recognized by the positive sera, with molecular weights of 70, 90, 95 and 130 kDa. The co-IP dilutions were analyzed by shotgun LC-MS/MS. A total of 204 proteins were identified in the  E. maxima  protein database using the MASCOT search engine. Thirty-five proteins including microneme protein 3 and 7 had more than two unique peptide counts and were annotated using Gene Ontology for molecular function, biological process and cellular localization. The results revealed that of the 35 annotated peptides, 22 (62.86%) were associated with binding activity and 15 (42.86%) were involved in catalytic activity.    Conclusions  Our findings provide an insight into the interaction between  E. maxima  and the corresponding host cells and it is important for the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying  E. maxima  invasion.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2818-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Proteomic analysis of protein interactions between Eimeria maxima sporozoites and chicken jejunal epithelial cells by shotgun LC-MS/MS