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Background  Transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya are affected by the longevity of the adult female mosquito. Environmental conditions influence the survival of adult female  Aedes  mosquitoes, the primary vectors of these viruses. While the association of temperature with  Aedes  mortality has been relatively well-explored, the role of humidity is less established. The current study’s goals were to compile knowledge of the influence of humidity on adult survival in the important vector species  Aedes aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus , and to quantify this relationship while accounting for the modifying effect of temperature.    Methods  We performed a systematic literature review to identify studies reporting experimental results informing the relationships among temperature, humidity and adult survival in  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus . Using a novel simulation approach to harmonize disparate survival data, we conducted pooled survival analyses via stratified and mixed effects Cox regression to estimate temperature-dependent associations between humidity and mortality risk for these species across a broad range of temperatures and vapor pressure deficits.    Results  After screening 1517 articles, 17 studies (one in semi-field and 16 in laboratory settings) met inclusion criteria and collectively reported results for 192 survival experiments. We review and synthesize relevant findings from these studies. Our stratified model estimated a strong temperature-dependent association of humidity with mortality in both species, though associations were not significant for  Ae. albopictus  in the mixed effects model. Lowest mortality risks were estimated around 27.5 °C and 21.5 °C for  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus , respectively, and mortality increased non-linearly with decreasing humidity.  Aedes aegypti  had a survival advantage relative to  Ae. albopictus  in the stratified model under most conditions, but species differences were not significant in the mixed effects model.    Conclusions  Humidity is associated with mortality risk in adult female  Ae. aegypti  in controlled settings. Data are limited at low humidities, temperature extremes, and for  Ae. albopictus , and further studies should be conducted to reduce model uncertainty in these contexts. Desiccation is likely an important factor in  Aedes  population dynamics and viral transmission in arid regions. Models of  Aedes -borne virus transmission may be improved by more comprehensively representing humidity effects.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2808-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Effects of desiccation stress on adult female longevity in Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): results of a systematic review and pooled survival analysis