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Background  Flea-borne spotted fever (FBSF) caused by  Rickettsia felis  is an arthropod-borne zoonosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, primary species and genotype(s) of  R. felis  infecting fleas from dogs and cats.    Results  All fleas were identified as  Ctenocephalides felis felis . All rickettsial DNA detected in fleas was identified as being 100% homologous to  R. felis  URRWXCal2, with positivity within tropical, subtropical and temperate regions noted at 6.7%, 13.2% and 15.5%, respectively. Toy/small breed dogs were found to be at a lower odds of harboring  R. felis -positive fleas compared with large breed dogs on univariate analysis, while DMH and pedigree breed cats were at a lower odds compared to DSH cats. Cooler minimum temperature ranges of between 15 to 20 °C and between 8 to 15 °C increased the odds of  R. felis  positivity in fleas, as did a constrained maximum temperature range of between 27 to 30 °C on multivariable analysis.    Conclusions  Environmental temperature may play a part in influencing  R. felis  prevalence and infectivity within its flea host. Regional climatic differences need to be considered when approaching public health risk mitigation strategies for FBSF.

The epidemiology of Rickettsia felis infecting fleas of companion animals in eastern Australia