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Background  Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been increasingly recognized in cats living in areas endemic for the disease. Co-infection with  Leishmania infantum  and other infectious agents is well established in dogs. However, for cats, data on co-infections with  L. infantum  and other infectious agents are still sparse. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens,  Mycoplasma  spp., feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats from an area endemic for VL in southeastern Brazil.    Results  Of the 90 cats, eight (8.9%) were infected with  Mycoplasma  spp., five (5.5%) were FIV- positive and one (1.1%) was FeLV-positive. Co-infection with  L. infantum  and at least one other infectious agent was found in 9/50 (18.0%; CI: 8.6–31.4%) cats. In Group 1 (cats infected naturally by  L. infantum ), 4/50 (8.0%) cats were positive for FIV, 4/50 (8%) for  Mycoplasma  spp. and 1/50 (2.0%) was co-infected with FeLV and  Mycoplasma  spp. In Group 2 (cats non-infected with  L. infantum ), 2/40 (5.0%) cats were infected with  Mycoplasma  spp. and 1/40 (2.5%) was co-infected with FIV and  Mycoplasma  spp. All cats were negative for  Ehrlichia  spp.,  Babesia  spp. and  Anaplasma platys.Conclusion  A low prevalence of co-infection in  Leishmania -infected and non-infected cats was found. Co-infections with  Leishmania  and vector-borne diseases in cats are not common in this area endemic for VL in Brazil.

Infection by Mycoplasma spp., feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in cats from an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis