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Background  The  Triatoma phyllosoma  complex of  Trypanosoma cruzi  vectors (Triatominae: Reduviidae) is distributed in both Neotropical and Nearctic bioregions of Mexico.    Methods  Volatile organic compounds emitted by disturbed  Triatoma longipennis ,  Triatoma pallidipennis  and  Triatoma phyllosoma , and from their Brindley’s and metasternal glands, were identified using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.    Results  Disturbed bugs and the metasternal glands from  T .  phyllosoma  released or had significantly fewer compounds than  T. longipennis  and  T. pallidipennis . Isobutyric acid was the most abundant compound secreted by disturbed bugs of the three species, while Brindley’s glands of all species produced another four compounds: propanoic acid, isobutyric acid, pentyl butanoate, and 2-methyl hexanoic acid. Two novel compounds, both rose oxide isomers, were produced in MGs and released only by disturbed females of all three species, making this the first report in Triatominae of these monoterpenes. The principal compound in MGs of both sexes of  T. longipennis  and  T. phyllosoma  was 3-methyl-2-hexanone, while  cis- rose oxide was the principal compound in  T. pallidipennis  females. The major components in male effluvia of  T. pallidipennis  were 2-decanol and 3-methyl-2-hexanone.    Conclusion  Discriminant analysis of volatile organic compounds was significant, separating the three species and was consistent with morphological and genetic evidence for species distinctions within the complex.

“Sweeter than a rose”, at least to Triatoma phyllosoma complex males (Triatominae: Reduviidae)