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Background  Chicken coccidiosis, a disease caused by seven species of  Eimeria  (Apicomplexa: Coccidia), inflicts severe economic losses on the poultry industry.  Eimeria tenella  is the one of the most virulent species pathogenic to chickens. Many parasitic protozoans are parasitised by double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses, and the influence of protozoan viruses on parasitic protozoans has been extensively reported.  E. tenella  RNA virus 1 (Etv) was identified in  E. tenella , and the complete genome sequence of Etv was analysed. Here, we screened Etv-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP)-interacting host protein  E. tenella  ovarian tumour (OTU) protein-like cysteine protease (Et-OTU) using a yeast two-hybrid system with pGBKT7-RDRP plasmid serving as bait. A previous study demonstrated that Et-OTU could regulate the telomerase activity of  E. tenella , indicating that Et-OTU affects  E. tenella  proliferation. However, whether Etv-RDRP affects the molecular biological characteristics of  E. tenella  by interacting with OTU remains unclear.    Results  We obtained seven positive clones from the initial screen, and six of the seven preys were identified as false-positives. Finally, we identified an RDRP-associated protein predicted to be an  E. tenella  OTU protein. A α-galactosidase assay showed that the bait vector did not activate the GAL4 reporter gene, indicating no autoactivation activity from the RDRP bait fusion. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays verified the interaction between Et-OTU and Etv-RDRP both intracellularly and extracellularly. Additionally, Et-OTU was able to deconjugate K48- and K6-linked di-ubiquitin (di-Ub) chains  in vitro  but not K63-, K11-, K29-, or K33-linked di-Ub chains. The C239A and H351A mutations eliminated the deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of Et-OTU, whereas the D236A mutation did not. Additionally, when combined with RDRP, the DUB activity of Et-OTU towards K48- and K6-linked chains was significantly enhanced.    Conclusion  Etv-RDRP interacts with Et-OTU both intracellularly and extracellularly. Etv-RDRP enhances the hydrolysis of Et-OTU to K6- or K48-linked ubiquitin chains. This study lays the foundation for further research on the relationship between  E. tenella  and Etv.

An OTU deubiquitinating enzyme in Eimeria tenella interacts with Eimeria tenella virus RDRP