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Background  Some  Lutzomyia  species are the vectors of human leishmaniasis in the Americas. Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are both endemic in the Pacific region of Honduras, but the non-ulcerative form is the more frequent clinical manifestation in this region, where  Lutzomyia longipalpis  is the most abundant and the only incriminated vector. Taxonomic identification and distribution studies of sand flies are important to understand the epidemiology and to control these neglected tropical diseases.    Results  Here, we identified more than 13,000  Lutzomyia  specimens captured in Isla del Tigre, Honduras, through a classical morphological approach. The two most common species were  Lutzomyia evansi  and  Lu. longipalpis , and this is the first report of three  Lutzomyia  species on this island. The blood meal source was successfully identified for five sand fly species. A barcode analysis using the  cox 1 mitochondrial marker proved to be effective in discriminating between species and seems to be a valuable tool for future epidemiological studies including a wider geographical area.    Conclusion  This study updates the diversity and blood meal sources of  Lutzomyia  species in an island endemic for non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Pacific region of Honduras, and determines the effectiveness of the barcoding approach to discriminate species, as a complementary tool to classical morphology.

parasites and vectors

Bionomic aspects of Lutzomyia evansi and Lutzomyia longipalpis, proven vectors of Leishmania infantum in an endemic area of non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras