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Background  In this study for the first time, a  Dientamoeba fragilis  protein profile by MALDI-TOF MS was created in order to identify specific markers for the application of this technology in the laboratory diagnosis of dientamoebiasis. In particular, one  D. fragilis  reference strain was used to create a reference spectrum and 14 clinical isolates to verify the reliability of the obtained results.    Results  While 15 peaks were found to be discriminating between the reference strain and the culture medium used, six peaks, observed in all the 14 strains tested, were considered as markers able to identify  D. fragilis .    Conclusions  In our hands, MALDI-TOF MS technology was demonstrated as a useful tool to be used in association with or in replacement of the real-time PCR assay for the identification of  D. fragilis  used in our laboratory on xenic cultures, due to its accuracy, rapidity and low cost.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2597-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MALDI-TOF MS as a new tool for the identification of Dientamoeba fragilis