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Background  We evaluated the impact of temperature and  Wolbachia  infection on vector competence of the local  Aedes aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus  populations of southern Taiwan in the laboratory.    Results  After oral infection with dengue serotype 1 virus (DENV-1), female mosquitoes were incubated at temperatures of 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 °C. Subsequently, salivary gland, head, and thorax-abdomen samples were analyzed for their virus titer at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days post-infection (dpi) by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that  Ae. aegypti  survived significantly longer and that dengue viral genome levels in the thorax-abdomen (10 3.25 ± 0.53 –10 4.09 ± 0.71  PFU equivalents/ml) and salivary gland samples (10 2.67 ± 0.33 –10 3.89 ± 0.58  PFU equivalents/ml) were significantly higher at high temperature (28–34 °C). The survival of  Ae. albopictus  was significantly better at 16 or 28 °C, but the virus titers from thorax-abdomen (10 0.70 –10 2.39 ± 1.31  PFU equivalents/ml) and salivary gland samples (10 0.12 ± 0.05 –10 1.51 ± 0.31  PFU equivalents/ml) were significantly higher at 22–28 °C. Within viable temperature ranges, the viruses were detectable after 10 dpi in salivary glands and head tissues in  Ae. aegypti  and after 5–10 dpi in  Ae. albopictus . Vector competence was measured in  Ae .  albopictus  with and without  Wolbachia  at 28 °C.  Wolbachia -infected mosquitoes survived significantly better and carried lower virus titers than  Wolbachia -free mosquitoes.  Wolbachia  coinfections (92.8–97.2%) with  w AlbA and  w AlbB strains were commonly found in a wild population of  Ae. albopictus .    Conclusions  In southern Taiwan,  Ae. aegypti  is the main vector of dengue and  Ae. albopictus  has a non-significant role in the transmission of dengue virus due to the high prevalence of  Wolbachia  infection in the local mosquito population of southern Taiwan.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2493-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

The impact of temperature and Wolbachia infection on vector competence of potential dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the transmission of dengue virus serotype 1 in southern Taiwan