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Background    Uranotaenia unguiculata  is a Palaearctic mosquito species with poorly known distribution and ecology. This study is aimed at filling the gap in our understanding of the species potential distribution and its environmental requirements through a species distribution modelling (SDM) exercise. Furthermore, aspects of the mosquito ecology that may be relevant to the epidemiology of certain zoonotic vector-borne diseases in Europe are discussed.    Results  A maximum entropy (Maxent) modelling approach has been applied to predict the potential distribution of  Ur. unguiculata  in the Western Palaearctic. Along with the high accuracy and predictive power, the model reflects well the known species distribution and predicts as highly suitable some areas where the occurrence of the species is hitherto unknown.    Conclusions  To our knowledge, the potential distribution of a mosquito species from the genus  Uranotaenia  is modelled for the first time. Provided that  Ur. unguiculata  is a widely-distributed species, and some pathogens of zoonotic concern have been detected in this mosquito on several occasions, the question regarding its host associations and possible epidemiological role warrants further investigation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2410-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Little pigeons can carry great messages: potential distribution and ecology of Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) unguiculata Edwards, 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae), a lesser-known mosquito species from the Western Palaearctic