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Background    Aedes aegypti , the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. In urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval development site for  Aedes  spp. reproduction. Herein, we describe the effect of a community-based intervention on preventing standing water accumulation in storm drains and their consequent infestation by adult and immature  Ae .  aegypti  and other mosquitoes.    Methods  Between April and May of 2016, local residents association of Salvador, Brazil, after being informed of water accumulation and  Ae .  aegypti  infestation in the storm drains in their area, performed an intervention on 52 storm drains. The intervention consisted of placing concrete at the bottom of the storm drains to elevate their base to the level of the outflow tube, avoiding water accumulation, and placement of a metal mesh covering the outflow tube to avoid its clogging with debris. To determine the impact of the intervention, we compared the frequency at which the 52 storm drains contained water, as well as adult and immature mosquitoes using data from two surveys performed before and two surveys performed after the intervention.    Results  During the pre-intervention period, water accumulated in 48 (92.3%) of the storm drains, and immature  Ae .  aegypti  were found in 11 (21.2%) and adults in 10 (19.2%) .  After the intervention, water accumulated in 5 (9.6%) of the storm drains ( P  &lt; 0.001), none (0.0%) had immatures ( P  &lt; 0.001), and 3 (5.8%) contained adults ( P  = 0.039). The total number of  Ae .  aegypti  immatures collected decreased from 109 to 0 ( P  &lt; 0.001) and adults decreased from 37 to 8 ( P  = 0.011) after the intervention. Collection of immature and adult non- Aedes  mosquitoes (mainly  Culex  spp.) in the storm drains also decreased after the intervention.    Conclusion  This study exemplifies how a simple intervention targeting storm drains can result in a major reduction of water retention, and, consequently, impact  Ae .  aegypti  larval populations. Larger and multi-center evaluations are needed to confirm the potential of citywide structural modifications of storm drains to reduce  Aedes  spp. infestation level.

Effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent Aedes aegypti reproduction in Salvador, Brazil