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Background  The  Ixodes pavlovskyi  tick species, a member of the  I. persulcatus/I. ricinus  group, was discovered in the middle of the 20 th  century in the Russian Far East. Limited data have been reported on the detection of infectious agents in this tick species. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic variability of a wide range of infectious agents in  I. pavlovskyi  ticks collected in their traditional and recently invaded habitats, the Altai Mountains and Novosibirsk Province, respectively, which are both located within the Western Siberian part of the  I. pavlovskyi  distribution area.    Results  This study reports the novel discovery of  Borrelia bavariensis ,  Rickettsia helvetica ,  R. heilongjiangensis ,  R. raoultii , “ Candidatus  Rickettsia tarasevichiae”,  Anaplasma phagocytophilum ,  Ehrlichia muris , “ Candidatus  Neoehrlichia mikurensis” and  Babesia microti  in  I. pavlovskyi  ticks. In addition, we confirmed the previous identification of  B. afzelii ,  B. garinii  and  B. miyamotoi , as well as tick-borne encephalitis and Kemerovo viruses in this tick species. The prevalence and some genetic characteristics of all of the tested agents were compared with those found in  I. persulcatus  ticks that were collected at the same time in the same locations, where these tick species occur in sympatry. It was shown that the prevalence and genotypes of many of the identified pathogens did not significantly differ between  I. pavlovskyi  and  I. persulcatus  ticks. However,  I. pavlovskyi  ticks were significantly more often infected by  B. garinii  and less often by  B. bavariensis ,  B. afzelii , “ Ca . R. tarasevichiae”, and  E. muris  than  I. persulcatus  ticks in both studied regions. Moreover, new genetic variants of  B. burgdorferi  ( sensu lato ) and  Rickettsia  spp. as well as tick-borne encephalitis and Kemerovo viruses were found in both  I. pavlovskyi  and  I. persulcatus  ticks.    Conclusion  Almost all pathogens that were previously detected in  I. persulcatus  ticks were identified in  I. pavlovskyi  ticks; however, the distribution of species belonging to the  B. burgdorferi  ( sensu lato ) complex, the genus  Rickettsia , and the family  Anaplasmataceae  was different between the two tick species. Several new genetic variants of viral and bacterial agents were identified in  I. pavlovskyi  and  I. persulcatus  ticks.

Detection and genetic characterization of a wide range of infectious agents in Ixodes pavlovskyi ticks in Western Siberia, Russia