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Background  As members of the Notothenioidei - the dominant fish taxon in Antarctic waters - the family Bathydraconidae includes 12 genera and 17 species. The knowledge of these species inhabiting an isolated environment is rather fragmentary, including their parasite fauna. Studies on fish hosts and their associated parasites can help gain insights into even remote ecosystems and be used to infer ecological roles in food webs; however, ecological studies on the Bathydraconidae are scarce.    Results  In this study, stomach contents and parasite fauna of the Antarctic dragonfish species  Parachaenichthys charcoti  ( n  = 47 specimens) as well as of  Gerlachea australis  ( n  = 5),  Gymnodraco acuticeps  ( n  = 9) and  Racovitzia glacialis  ( n  = 6) were examined. The parasite fauna of  P. charcoti  consisted of eight genera represented by 11 species, with three of them being new host records. Overall, 24 parasite genera and 26 species were found in the sampled fish, including eleven new host records.    Conclusion  Analyses revealed that the majority of the parasite species found in the different fish hosts are endemic to Antarctic waters and are characterized by a broad host range. These findings are evidence for the current lack of knowledge and the need for further parasitological studies of fish species in this unique habitat.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2176-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Parasite fauna of the Antarctic dragonfish Parachaenichthys charcoti (Perciformes: Bathydraconidae) and closely related Bathydraconidae from the Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean