English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs), caused by  Theileria ,  Babesia ,  Anaplasma  and  Ehrlichia , are common in regions of the world where the distributions of host, pathogen and vector overlap. Many of these diseases threaten livestock production and some also represent a concern to human public health. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens in a large number of blood samples ( n  = 1979) collected from sheep ( n  = 1727) and goats ( n  = 252) in Turkey. A secondary aim was to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of a number of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and the reverse line blotting (RLB) assay. DNA samples were screened using species-specific PCR for the presence of  Theileria ovis ,  Theileria  sp. MK,  T. lestoquardi ,  T. uilenbergi ,  T. luwenshuni ,  Babesia ovis ,  Anaplasma ovis  and  A. phagocytophilum  while RLB was undertaken to test for the presence of all known  Theileria ,  Babesia ,  Anaplasma  and  Ehrlichia  species. The diagnostic sensitivity of these two approaches was then compared in terms of their ability to detect single species and mixed infections.    Results  Overall, 84 and 74.43% of the small ruminants sampled were identified as hosting one or more pathogen(s) by species-specific PCR and RLB respectively. The presence of  Theileria  sp. OT1,  T. luwenshuni  and  T. uilenbergi  in Turkey was revealed for the first time while the presence of  Babesia motasi ,  B. crassa  and  T. separata  in Turkish small ruminants was confirmed using molecular methods. A high prevalence of mixed infection was evident, with PCR and RLB approaches indicating that 52.24 and 35.42% of animals were co-infected with multiple species, respectively. More than 80% of the mixed infections contained  T. ovis  and/or  A. ovis . The RLB approach was found to be capable of detecting mixed infections with species such as  Theileria  sp. OT1,  Theileria  sp. OT3,  T. separata ,  B. crassa  and  Babesia  spp.    Conclusion  The results indicated that pathogens causing TBHDs are highly prevalent in sheep and goats in Turkey. The diagnostic sensitivity of species-specific single PCR was generally higher than that of RLB. However, the latter approach was still capable of identifying a high proportion of individuals containing mixed-species infections. The use of species-specific single PCR is recommended to accurately estimate pathogen prevalence and to identify co-infected hosts.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2151-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB