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Background    Anaplasma phagocytophilum  is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen of increased interest worldwide which has been detected in northern Africa.  Anaplasma platys  is also present in this region and could possibly have a zoonotic potential. However, only one recent article reports on the human esposure to  A. phagocytophilum  in Morocco and no data are available on canine exposure to both bacteria. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study aiming to assess both canine and human exposure to  Anaplasma  spp. in Morocco. A total of 425 dogs (95 urban, 160 rural and 175 working dogs) and 11 dog owners were sampled from four cities of Morocco. Canine blood samples were screened for  Anaplasma  spp. antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for  A. phagocytophilum  and  A. platys  DNA by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the  msp 2 gene. Human sera were tested for specific  A. phagocytophilum  immunoglobulin G (IgG) using a commercial immunofluorescence assay (IFA) kit.    Results    Anaplasma  spp. antibodies and  A. platys  DNA were detected in 21.9 and 7.5% of the dogs, respectively.  Anaplasma phagocytophilum  DNA was not amplified.  Anaplasma platys  DNA was significantly more frequently amplified for working dogs. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence of  Anaplasma  spp. antibodies or  A. platys  DNA detection were observed between sexes, age classes or in relation to exposure to ticks. A total of 348  Rhipicephalus sanguineus  ( sensu lato ) ticks were removed from 35 urban and working dogs. The majority of dog owners (7/10) were seroreactive to  A. phagoyctophilum  IgG (one sample was excluded because of hemolysis).    Conclusions  This study demonstrates the occurrence of  Anaplasma  spp. exposure and  A. platys  infection in dogs, and  A. phagocytophilum  exposure in humans in Morocco.

Anaplasma spp. in dogs and owners in north-western Morocco