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Background  Paramphistomosis caused by  Calicophoron daubneyi  and fasciolosis caused by  Fasciola hepatica  are common parasitic diseases of livestock animals. Transmission of the diseases depends on the presence of intermediate hosts, i.e. freshwater gastropods such as lymnaeids. We carried out a 2-year-long study of the dynamics of the snail population acting as the intermediate host for these parasites, considering the population structure in terms of size/age and infection status. In addition, we determined the kinetics of trematode egg excretion in grazing cows. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were used to analyze the associations between different response variables and snail size, sampling month and weather-related variables.    Results  Of the molluscan species examined,  Galba truncatula ,  Radix peregra ,  Anisus  ( Anisus )  leucostoma  and  Pisidium casertanum  ( n  = 2802), only  G. truncatula  was infected with  C. daubneyi  or  F. hepatica , at prevalence rates of 8.2% and 4.4% respectively. The probability of infection with  C. daubneyi  or  F. hepatica  was linearly related to snail size, although in different ways (negative for  C. daubneyi  and positive for  F. hepatica ). The total snail population increased in winter, when specimens of all size classes were found. Infected snails were more abundant during spring-autumn. Mature cercariae of both parasites were found in most seasons. In the statistical models, the sampling month accounted for a high percentage (71.9–78.2%) of the observed variability in snail abundance. The inclusion of climatic variables in the models moderately increased the percentage of deviance explained (77.7–91.9%). Excretion of  C. daubneyi  eggs in cow faeces was always higher than that of  F. hepatica  eggs.    Conclusions  Particular care should be taken to prevent pastures and the surrounding environment being contaminated with parasite eggs during winter-spring, when the number of snails susceptible to miracidial infections is maximal. This is therefore the optimal time for treating grazing animals. Nevertheless, control of trematodosis based only on chemotherapy is difficult in an area such as the study area, where environmental factors favour the regular appearance of snail populations harbouring mature cercariae.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1892-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transmission of Calicophoron daubneyi and Fasciola hepatica in Galicia (Spain): Temporal follow-up in the intermediate and definitive hosts