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Background  Iran has recently initiated a malaria elimination program with emphasis on vector control strategies which are heavily reliant on indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets. Insecticide resistance seriously threatens the efficacy of vector control strategies. This study was conducted to determine the insecticide susceptibility of  Anopheles stephensi  to DDT and current insecticides in Jask county as an active malaria focus in southeastern Iran.    Methods  In this study, the anopheline larvae were collected from different aquatic habitats in Jask county and transported to insectarium, fed with sugar and then 3-day-old adults were used for susceptibility tests. WHO insecticide susceptibility tests were performed with DDT (4 %), malathion (5 %), lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05 %), deltamethrin (0.05 %) and permethrin (0.75 %).    Results  The field strain of  An. stephensi  was found resistant to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin. The LT 50  values for DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in this species were 130.25, and 37.71 min, respectively. Moreover,  An. stephensi  was completely susceptible to malathion and permethrin and tolerant to deltamethrin.    Conclusion  The present study results confirm the resistance of the major malaria vector,  An. stephensi , to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin, and tolerance to deltamethrin, which could gradually increase and spread into other malaria endemic areas. Thus, there is a need for regular monitoring of insecticide resistance in order to select suitable insecticides for vector control interventions towards malaria elimination.

Insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to DDT and current insecticides in an elimination area in Iran