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Background  With the continuous decline in prevalence and intensity of  Schistosoma japonicum  infection in China, more accurate and sensitive methods suitable for field detection become much needed for schistosomiasis control. Here, a novel rapid and visual detection method based on the combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed to detect  S. japonicum  DNA in fecal samples.    Results  The LFD-RPA assay targeting SjR2 could detect 5 fg  S. japonicum  DNA, which was identical to qPCR and real-time RPA assay, and showed no cross-reaction with other parasites. The detection could be finished within 15–20 min at a wide temperature range (25–45 °C), and the results could be visualized by naked eye. The diagnostic validity of LFD-RPA assay was further assessed with 14 fecal samples of infected patients diagnosed by Kato-Katz method and 31 fecal samples of healthy persons, and compared with that of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) and Indirect Hemagglutination Assay (IHA). The LFD-RPA assay showed 92.68 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity and excellent diagnostic agreement with the gold standard Kato-Katz test ( k  = 0.947,  Z  = 6.36,  P  < 0.001), whereas ELISA showed 85.71 % sensitivity, 93.55 % specificity, and substantial diagnostic agreement ( k  = 0.793,  Z  = 5.31,  P  < 0.001), and IHA showed 78.57 % sensitivity, 83.87 % specificity, and moderate diagnostic agreement ( k  = 0.600,  Z  = 4.05,  P  < 0.001), indicating that the LFD-RPA was much better than the traditional methods.    Conclusions  The LFD-RPA assay established by us is a sensitive, specific, rapid and convenient method for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, and shows a great potency in field application.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1745-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick for rapid and visual detection of Schistosoma japonicum