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Background   Anopheles funestus  is one of the major malaria vectors in tropical Africa, notably in Senegal. The highly anthropophilic and endophilic behaviours of this mosquito make it a good target for vector control operations through the use of insecticide treated nets, long-lasting insecticide nets and indoor residual spraying. However, little is known about patterns of resistance to insecticides and the underlying resistance mechanisms in field populations of this vector in Senegal.    Methods  Here, we assessed the susceptibility status of  An. funestus  populations from Gankette Balla, located in northern Senegal and investigated the potential resistance mechanisms.    Results  WHO bioassays indicated that  An. funestus  is resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05 % (74.64 % mortality), DDT 4 % (83.36 % mortality) and deltamethrin 0.05 % (88.53 % mortality). Suspected resistance was observed to permethrin 0.75 % (91.19 % mortality), bendiocarb 0.1 % (94.13 % mortality) and dieldrin 4 % (96.41 % mortality). However, this population is fully susceptible to malathion 5 % (100 % mortality) and fenitrothion 1 % (100 % mortality). The microarray and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Gankette Balla is conferred by metabolic resistance mechanisms under the probable control of cytochrome P450 genes among which CYP6M7 is the most overexpressed. The absence of overexpression of the P450 gene, CYP6P9a, indicates that the resistance mechanism in Senegal is different to that observed in southern Africa.    Conclusions  This study represents the first report of pyrethroid and DDT resistance in  An. funestus  from Senegal and shows that resistance to insecticides is not only confined to  An. gambiae  as previously thought. Therefore, urgent action should be taken to manage the resistance in this species to ensure the continued effectiveness of malaria control.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1735-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Investigating molecular basis of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in an Anopheles funestus population from Senegal