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Background  Tick-borne infections are no longer confined to rural areas, they are documented with increasing frequency in urban settlements across the world. They are known to cause diseases in humans as well as in their companion animals.    Methods  During a period of 2 years, from January 2013 until December 2014, ticks were collected from dogs and cats in 18 veterinary clinics in the Wrocław Agglomeration, Poland. In total, 1455 ticks were found on 931 pets: 760 domestic dogs and 171 cats. For molecular examinations 127  I. ricinus  ticks (115 females and 12 males) were randomly selected, all collected  I. hexagonus  ( n  = 137, 32 females, 98 nymphs, 7 larvae) and all collected  D. reticulatus  ( n  = 46, 31 females, 15 males) were taken.  Ixodes ricinus  and  I. hexagonus  ticks were tested for  Rickettsia  spp.,  Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Candidatus  Neoehrlichia mikurensis and  Babesia  spp., while  D. reticulatus  ticks were investigated for  Rickettsia  spp. and  Babesia  spp. only.    Results  In total, 65.4 %  I. ricinus  ticks were infected with at least one pathogen. Over 50 % of  I. ricinus  were positive for  Rickettsia  spp. ( R. helvetica  and  R. monacensis ). The infection level with  A. phagocytophilum  was 21.3 %. DNA of  Cand . N. mikurensis was detected in 8.1 %  I. ricinus  ticks. Interestingly only female ticks were infected. The prevalence of  Babesia  spp. was confirmed in 9.0 % of  I. ricinus  involving the species  B. microti  and  B. venatorum.  A total of nineteen double, one triple and two quadruple infections were found in  I. ricinus  ticks only. Almost 11 % of  I. hexagonus  ticks were positive for at least one of the tested pathogens.  Rickettsia  spp. infection was found in 2.2 %, while  A. phagocytophilum  was detected in 8.1 % of  I. hexagonus  ticks. Only one nymph was positive for  Cand.  N. mikurensis and none of  I. hexagonus  ticks harbored a  Babesia  spp. Over 60 % of  D. reticulatus  ticks were positive for rickettsial DNA, exclusively belonging to the species  R. raoultii.Conclusion  The high tick infestation rates and the prevalence of pathogens found in these ticks demonstrate a serious level of encounter to tick-borne diseases in urban dogs in the Wroclaw area, and provide evidence that dogs and cats themselves may substantially contribute to the circulation of the ticks and pathogens in the urban area.

Detection of selected pathogens in ticks collected from cats and dogs in the Wrocław Agglomeration, South-West Poland