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Background  With field releases starting in Brazil, particular interest must be given to understanding how the endosymbiotic bacterium  Wolbachia pipientis  affects  Aedes aegypti  mosquitoes with a Brazilian genetic background. Currently, there is limited information on how the bacterium affects phenotypic traits such as larval development rate, metabolic reserves and morphometric parameters in  Ae. aegypti . Here, we analyze for the first time, the effect of  Wolbachia  on these key phenotypes and consider how this might impact the potential of the bacterium as a disease control agent in Brazil.    Methods  We examined the influence of the  w Mel strain of  Wolbachia  in laboratory  Ae. aegypti  with a Brazilian genetic background, reared under different larval densities. Pupae formation was counted daily to assess differences in development rates. Levels of metabolic reserves and morphometric parameters were assessed in adults resulting from each larval condition.    Results   w Mel infection led to more rapid larval development at higher densities for both males and females, with no effect under less crowded conditions in females. Infection also led to reduced body size at both high and low density, but not at intermediate density, although the scale of this difference was maintained regardless of larval density, in comparison to uninfected individuals. Wing shape also varied significantly between infected and uninfected mosquitoes due to larval density. Glycogen levels in uninfected mosquitoes decreased under higher larval density, but were consistently high with  Wolbachia  infection, regardless of larval density.    Conclusions  We demonstrate that the  w Mel  Wolbachia  strain can positively influence some important host fitness traits, and that this interaction is directly linked to the conditions in which the host is reared. Combined with previously published data, these results suggest that this  Wolbachia  strain could be successfully used as part of the Eliminate Dengue Program in Brazil.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1559-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The influence of larval competition on Brazilian Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes