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Background   Anaplasma marginale  is a well-known cattle pathogen of tropical and subtropical world regions. Even though, this obligate intracellular bacterium has been reported in other host species different than bovine, it has never been documented in  Myrmecophaga tridactyla  (giant anteater) or  Hippocamelus antisense  (taruca), which are two native endangered species.    Methods  Samples from two sick wild animals: a  Myrmecophaga tridactyla  (blood) and a  Hippocamelus antisense  (blood and serum) were studied for the presence of  A. marginale  DNA through  msp5  gene fragment amplification. Further characterization was done through MSP1a tandem repeats analysis and MLST scheme and the genetic relationship among previously characterized  A. marginale  sequences were studied by applying,  eBURST  algorithm and AMOVA analysis.    Results   Anaplasma marginale  DNA was identified in the  Myrmecophaga tridactyla  and  Hippocamelus antisense  samples. Through molecular markers, we identified an identical genotype in both animals that was not previously reported in bovine host. The analysis through  eBURST  and AMOVA revealed no differentiation between the taruca/anteater isolate and the bovine group.    Conclusions  In the present publication we report the identification of  A. marginale  DNA in a novel ruminant ( Hippocamelus antisense ) and non-ruminant ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla ) host species. Genotyping analysis of isolates demonstrated the close relatedness of the new isolate with the circulation population of  A. marginale  in livestock. Further analysis is needed to understand whether these two hosts contribute to the anaplasmosis epidemiology.

parasites and vectors

Molecular identification of Anaplasma marginale in two autochthonous South American wild species revealed an identical new genotype and its phylogenetic relationship with those of bovines