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Background  There are hardly any data available on the relationships between the parasite and the vector or regarding potential reservoirs involved in the natural transmission cycle of  Trypanosoma cruzi  in the Tropics of Cochabamba, Bolivia. Local families from communities were responsible for the capture of triatomine specimens, following a strategic methodology based on entomological surveillance with community participation developed by the National Chagas Programme of the Ministry of Health of Bolivia.    Findings  We describe the collection of adult  Panstrongylus geniculatus  and  Rhodnius robustus  naturally infected with  Trypanosoma cruzi  from houses and from the hospital of Villa Tunari municipality. The flagellates found in the digestive tract of  P. geniculatus  belong to genetic lineages or DTUs TcI and TcIII, whereas only lineage DTU TcI was found in  R. robustus . The detection of these vectors infected with  T. cruzi  reveals the vulnerability of local communities.    Conclusion  The results presented here highlight the risk of Chagas disease transmission in a region previously thought not to be endemic, indicating that the Tropics of Cochabamba should be placed under permanent entomological and epidemiological surveillance.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1445-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Panstrongylus geniculatus and Rhodnius robustus adults invade households in the Tropics of Cochabamba region of Bolivia