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Background  Piroplasmosis is an important disease of domestic animals and wildlife and is caused by organisms from the genera  Theileria  and  Babesia . Wildlife such as sika deer play an important role as reservoir hosts for several species of  Theileria  and  Babesia . Using blood samples collected from sika deer, we investigated the epidemiology of  Theileria  spp. and  Babesia  spp. in sika deer from Jilin Province in China and identified those species that cause pathogenic infections in sika deer.    Methods  Sixty-eight blood samples of sika deer were collected from three areas of the Jilin Province in Northeast China. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA of the piroplasms was amplified using the nested PCR method. The selected positive samples were sequenced to identify species of  Babesia  and  Theileria .    Results  PCR detection revealed that 24 samples were positive for  Theileria  and  Babesia  spp. (35.29 %, 95 % CI = 11.8-46.8). After alignment, a sequenced fragment for  Theileria cervi  was found to be the most prevalent from the obtained samples (22.06 %, 95 % CI = 11.8-49.6). Six sika deer samples were identified as being infected with a  Theileria  sp. that was similar to a  Theileria  sp. found from spotted deer in India. In addition to the results above, for the first time, we identified  T. annulata  infection from one sample of sika deer and  Babesia  sp. from two samples, which showed high identity with  Babesia motasi  found in sheep from China.    Conclusion  The present study offers new data on the pathogens of piroplasmosis in sika deer in northeastern China. For the first time, sika deer was confirmed as a reservoir host for the  T. annulata  of cattle and the  B. motasi  of sheep, which was found in China.

Molecular detection and identification of piroplasms in sika deer (Cervus nippon) from Jilin Province, China